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The core functionality of all multiple antenna techniques is to send the same signal over the air on multiple channels. Chances of signal getting corrupted on multiple channels is very limited and signal can be recovered easily at receiver.  These techniques also focuses on sending the signal energy in one direction rather than broadcasting.
With multiple antennas we can achieve significant improvements in following performance parameters.

1. Higher data rates over the air interface.
2. Farther signal penetration and improved coverage.
3. Lower signal losses due to reduced interference.
4. Lower power consumption.
5. Support of more users with better quality and spectral efficiency.

Multiple antenna core functionality.
Multiple Input and Multiple Output - MIMO

MIMO is a leading technique used in LTE and is discussed in this section.

Adaptive Antenna System - AAS

Other names - Beam-forming, Beam-steering or Beam-shaping.
Detailed discussion on AAS is covered in this section.

Antenna Diversity - AD

To improve reliability at receiver, multiple copies of a packet are transmitted over several antennas. If one of the packet gets corrupted at receiver, other packets are used to decode the useful data.

Different diversity coding's are  listed below

Space diversity

Transmit/Receive diversity

Pattern diversity

Polarization diversity  

Detailed discussion on Antenna diversity is covered in this section.
Multiple Antenna Techniques in 4G wireless communication.  
Various industry standard Multiple Antenna techniques are listed below.
Evolved Packet Core (EPC) system architecture for all IP.Mobility Management Entity (MME),
Serving System (S) Architecture (A) Evolution (E) Gateway or Serving Gateway SGW.
Packet Data Network (PDN) SAE Gateway
Enhanced Packet Data Gateway (ePDG)
Multiple antenna techniques - MIMO, Adaptive antenna systems - AAS and Antenna diversity - AD
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