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Register transfer is related to moving the contents of one register to another register for specific arithmetic operations. For example: Moving contents of register R2 to register R1. This kind of transfers generally occurs when a control condition is triggered.
If (R2 greater 10) then R1 <– R2
If (R2 greater 10) then R1 <– R2
Register transfer level:- RTL is a specific term used by engineers to implement hardware specifications using a languages such as Verilog or VHDL.
Registers :-flops. Each flop within a register can store a digital value 1 or 0. The maximum number of values a register can hold is defined by the number of bits. An N bits register has N flip-flops and can store N binary values. For example, a 4 bit register R1 can hold any Value between ‘b0000 to ‘b1111. (‘b is for binary values).
Registers :-
Register/digital Microoperations.
These are the arithmetic operations executed on the contents of registers. Some examples are increment, decrement, right shift, left shift etc.
So from the discussion above, for any hardware code follow the requirements below:-
1. Declare registers to load and store binary data.
2. Define a list of microoperations.
3. Declare control conditions for executing microoperations.
Microoperations can be categorized further into following groups.
1. Aritmetic Microoperations.
2. Logic Microoperations.
3. Shift Microoperations.
These are the arithmetic operations executed on the contents of registers. Some examples are increment, decrement, right shift, left shift etc.
So from the discussion above, for any hardware code follow the requirements below:-
2. Define a list of microoperations.
3. Declare control conditions for executing microoperations.
Microoperations can be categorized further into following groups.
1. Aritmetic Microoperations.
2. Logic Microoperations.
3. Shift Microoperations.
Lets start our discussion of rtl and micro-operations with introductions to digital hardware operation :-
A digital hardware is a system of millions of logic blocks such as gates, flip-flops, memories etc. To implement any component inside a digital system requires basics understanding of its building blocks.
So to understand any hardware implementation its nice to know following.
1. Good understanding of digital gates and flip-flops.
2. Good understanding for Register Transfer Level or rtl .
Lets now discuss RTL or Register Transfer level.
1. Good understanding of digital gates and flip-
Lets now discuss RTL or Register Transfer level.
Resources
Verilog RTL code examples for front-end chip design.
Digital Design Topics
Half-adder , full-adder ,
Adder-sub tractor
Stack Organization - LIFO, RPN
Parity Generation and error checking
Binary multiplier circuit.
CMOS introduction
Digital fundamentals -
RTL coding guidelines. ICG cell, Assertions, levels. Chandle
Pipeline vs. Parallel processing.
Verilog RTL code examples for front-
Half-
Adder-
Stack Organization -
Binary multiplier circuit.
CMOS introduction
Digital fundamentals -
RTL coding guidelines. ICG cell, Assertions, levels. Chandle
Pipeline vs. Parallel processing.
Introduction to Verilog RTL
Verilog Operators.
Initial Statements in verilog.
Clock and Reset generation.
Blocking vs. Non-blocking Statements.
Conditional Statements & ‘always’ block.
Counter Implementation.
File Operations - $fopen, $fclose, $fdisplay, $fscanf
Read binary or hex format files - $readmemh, $readmemb.
FOR Loop use in verilog code example
Verilog Operators.
Initial Statements in verilog.
Clock and Reset generation.
Blocking vs. Non-
Conditional Statements & ‘always’ block.
Counter Implementation.
File Operations -
Read binary or hex format files -
FOR Loop use in verilog code example
Digital Logic fundamentals topics @ fcd
Digital basics tutorial
Binary number discussion, 1 and 2 complement discussion,
Binary arithmetic, Signed Magnitude, overflow, examples
Gray coding, Binary coded digital (BCD) coding, BCD addition
Digital logic gates basic (AND, OR, XOR, NOT) and derived (NAND, NOR and XNOR). Drive XOR from NAND gates. Drive XOR from NOR gates
Discussion of Boolean Algebra with examples.
Duality Principle, Huntington Postulates, Theorems of Boolean Algebra - discussion with examples, Boolean Functions, Canonical and Standard Forms, Minterms and Maxterms
Sum of Minterms, Product of Maxterms or Canonical Forms,
Karnaugh map or K-map discussion 2, 3, ,4 and 5 var’s
Prime Implicant and Gate level minimization examples.
Digital basics tutorial
Binary number discussion, 1 and 2 complement discussion,
Binary arithmetic, Signed Magnitude, overflow, examples
Gray coding, Binary coded digital (BCD) coding, BCD addition
Digital logic gates basic (AND, OR, XOR, NOT) and derived (NAND, NOR and XNOR). Drive XOR from NAND gates. Drive XOR from NOR gates
Discussion of Boolean Algebra with examples.
Duality Principle, Huntington Postulates, Theorems of Boolean Algebra -
Karnaugh map or K-
Prime Implicant and Gate level minimization examples.
Cloud Computing ?
Whenever a document or photo is uploaded on the web, a thread of cloud computing is active. Learn more from here.
Whenever a document or photo is uploaded on the web, a thread of cloud computing is active. Learn more from here.
LTE - Long Term Evolution topics from here
Once the logic is coded, it needs to be simulated and synthesized to verify the correct implementation.
Refer following resources on FCD to understand RTL implementations.
1. RTL coding guidelines.
2. Verilog RTL example section.
3. Digital basics section.
Refer following resources on FCD to understand RTL implementations.
1. RTL coding guidelines.
2. Verilog RTL example section.
3. Digital basics section.
LTE - Long Term Evolution topics from here
Register Transfer Level & Microoperations.