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How to select most appropriate antennas for transmit and receive over Radio Frequency (RF).

There are several parameters involved in the selection of the antenna for a specific implementation.

In general, the factors which are critical in the selection of the antenna are listed below.

* Frequency or band of operation.
* Broadband or low bandwidth.
* Directional or Omni-directional transmission.
* Range or distance to cover.

Key antenna attributes -

Three important electrical characteristics of an antenna are:-

Antenna patten, gain and polarization
The three antenna properties are discussed in details in next section.

Antenna Types

There are three main categories of antennas:




Omni-directional - Omni-directional antennas radiate RF in all directions. They are designed to provide general coverage in all directions.

Semi-directional - Semi-directional antennas radiate RF in a direction with wider area of coverage. These antennas are directional is some area but not in all directions.

Highly-directional - Highly-directional antennas radiate RF in a narrow beam towards the receiver.

Antenna Tips:-

Try to eliminate any obstructions between antennas. This can be done by mounting the antennas above obstructions or moving the antennas away from obstacles.
It’s always better to mount the antenna as high as possible.
If possible, mount the antenna directly to the radio.

* Antenna patten, gain and polarization.
* Environmental conditions etc.