Asynchronous FIFO design and calculate the Depth of the FIFO.

Understanding FIFO design requirements.

FIFO is a First in First Out is used to buffer data in Digital Systems. Requirement of FIFO arises when the reads are slower than the writes.

Calculating FIFO parameters:

Async fifo design example

In order to calculate the depth of the FIFO, first we need to understand the worst case scenario of that particular design.  Here is an example of a worst case scenario:- example below.

Write side of FIFO:

Write clock frequency = 15 MHz (clk_wr)

Maximum size of the Burst = 100 bytes (burst_width)

Delay between writes in a burst = 1 clock cycle (wr_delay)

Read side of FIFO:

Read clock Frequency = 10 MHz (clk_read)

Delay between reads = 2 clock cycles (rd_delay)

Six step approach to calculate FIFO parameters.

Step1:- FIFO Width = 8 (1 byte = 8 bits worth of data at each buffer location)

Step2:- Assume depth of FIFO to capture the complete buffer = 100 (maximum size of burst)

Step3:- No of write clock cycles for writing 100 locations in FIFO = 100 @ clk_wr

Step4:- Time taken to write 100 locations = 100/(15*10^6) = 6.67 us

Step5:- No of reads during 6.67 us = (6.67 us) * 10 * 10^6 = 66.7 @ clk_read (approx 67)

Step6:- No of dead cycles between reads = 2

Depth of the FIFO = 100 – 66.7/2 = 100 – 33.35 = 66.65 = 67

FIFO DEPTH calculation formula is summarized in next topic.

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